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General: Two types are (i) occlusive inflammatory lesion (seen in young Japanese women) and (ii) occlusive vascular disease without inflammation, associated with atherosclerosis and syphilis; onset in fifth and sixth decades; both sexes affected; can involve the aorta and its major branches as well as the coronary, hepatic, mesenteric, pulmonary, and renal arteries.

Ocular: Iris atrophy; cataracts; retinal microaneurysms; sausage-shaped venous dilations; reduced central retinal artery pressure; optic atrophy; cotton-wool spots; anterior segment ischemia; retinal arteriovenous shunts.

Clinical: Diminished or absent pulsation of arteries (head, neck, upper limbs); orthostatic syncope; facial atrophy; epileptiform seizures; intermittent claudication.

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Takayasu S. A case with unusual changes in the central vessels of the retina. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1908; 12:554.

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