Raeder syndrome (paratrigeminal paralysis; horton headache; histamine cephalalgia; ciliary neuralgia; cluster headache; periodic migrainous neuralgia)

General: Interruption of sympathetic fibers about the carotid artery and involvement of the fifth nerve; meningioma and aneurysm of the internal carotid artery most frequent causes; prominent in males; possible pathogenetic mechanism of this condition is an ischemic injury of the gasserian ganglion.

Ocular: Mild enophthalmos; mild ptosis (unilateral); epiphora; scotoma possible; hypotonia; unilateral miosis; increased tear secretion; periocular pain; Homer syndrome.

Clinical: Facial pain; occasionally weakness of the jaw muscles; headaches (V-region); hypertension; associated inflammatory processes are not infrequent.

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