Pseudo-graefe syndrome (fuchs sign)

General: Misdirection of regenerating oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) fibers to other muscles after injury, aneurysm, tumor, exophthalmic goiter, tabes, anterior poliomyelitis, or vascular lesions of the brainstem.

Ocular: Elevation of the upper lid in downward gaze; lagging in upper lid movement on downward gaze (Graefe sign).

Clinical: None.

Bender MB. The nerve supply to the orbicularis muscle and the physiology of movements of the upper lid, with particular reference to the pseudo-Graefe phenomenon. Arch Ophthalmol 1936; 15:21.

Walsh FB, King AB. Ocular signs of intracranial saccular aneurysms. Experimental work on collateral circulation through the ophthalmic artery. Arch Ophthalmol 1942; 23:1169.