Lockjaw (Tetanus)
General: Acute infectious disease affecting nervous system; causative agent is Clostridium tetani; bacteria enters body through a puncture wound, abrasion, cut, or burn.
Ocular: Chemosis; keratitis; nystagmus; uveitis; corneal ulcer; cellulitis of orbit; hypopyon; panophthalmitis; pupil paralysis; pseudoptosis; blepharospasm; paralysis of third or seventh nerve; may occur following perforating ocular injuries.
Clinical: Severe muscle spasms; dysphagia; trismus; facial palsy; muscle stiffness; irritability.
Benson WH, et al. Tetanus prophylaxis following ocular injuries. J Emerg Med 1993; 11:677-683.
Bettman JW. The prophylaxis of tetanus. Am J Ophthalmol 1963; 56:806-808.
Eckmann L. Tetanus: prophylaxis and therapy. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1963.
Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current Ocular Therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WE Saunders, 2000.
Saltissi S, et al. Ophthalmoplegic tetanus. Br Med J 1976; 1:437.
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