Diabetes mellitus (willis disease)  364

General: Metabolic disorder that affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; familial, usually occurs over age 40 years; frequently occurs in people who are overweight.

Ocular: Ectropion uveae; rubeosis iridis; cataract; optic nerve atrophy; microaneurysms of retina; lipemia retinalis; dilation of the retinal veins; cotton-wool spots; hard yellow exudates; irregular sheathing of retinal veins; macular edema; retinal neovascularization; vitreal hemorrhages; hypotony; glaucoma; asteroid hyalosis; paresis of third or sixth nerve; anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; decreased corneal sensation.

Clinical: Hyperglycemia with resulting glycosuria and polyuria; imperfect combustion of fats leading to acidosis, dyspnea, lipemia, ketonuria, and coma; atherosclerosis; pruritus; lowered resistance to pyogenic infections; proteinuria predicts vision loss, indicates more advanced diabetic retinopathy; glycosylated hemoglobin also is a risk factor for retinopathy and macular edema.

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